![]() Intrusive rocks are predominantly granodioritic in composition and range in age from late Paleozoic to Upper Miocene (Munizaga et al., 1988). The basement of the Villarrica volcano consists of intrusive and volcanic rocks that range in age from Late Paleozoic to Miocene (Aguirre and Levi, 1964 Parada, 1975 Moreno and Parada, 1976 Munizaga et al., 1988), and sedimentary deposits related to the middle to late Pleistocene glaciations in the region (Moreno, 1993, Clapperton, 1993, Clayton et al., 1997). However, recent detailed volcanologic and stratigraphic studies (Moreno, 1993 Clavero and Moreno, 1994,1998 Moreno et al., 1994 Clavero, 1996) show intense explosive postglacial activity with, at least, 15 mapeable deposits of pyroclastic flows and surges in the last 14 ka, two of which were of large volume: the Licán and Pucón ignimbrites. ![]() Eruptive activity of the Villarrica volcano has commonly been considered to be dominantly effusive to slightly explosive (mainly strombolian eruptions, González, 1972 Fuentealba et al., 1985 Moreno,1993). This structure probably corresponds to an old fracture in the crust, which has been used by Quaternary magmas to reach the surface (Franzese, 1995). The Villarrica volcano (2,850 m Above Sea Level) forms a NW-SE volcanic chain, together with the Pleistocene-Holocene Quetrupillán and Lanín stratovolcanoes, that is oblique to the recent volcanic arc and to a main structure located in the region, the Liquine-Ofqui Fault Zone (LOFZ Hickey et al., 1989 Cembrano, 1990 Cembrano et al., 1992 Cembrano and Moreno, 1994 López-Escobar et al., 1995). It has an active summit lava lake (30 to 60 m diameter) since the last eruption in 1984-85 (Calder et al., 2004). It is one of the most active Chilean volcanoes with 59 documented eruptions since 1558 (Petit-Breuilh and Lobato, 1994 Lara and Clavero, 2004). ![]() In 2018, a Kilauea eruption destroyed more than 700 homes.Villarrica volcano is located in the volcanic chain of the Southern Volcanic Zone (SVZ) of the Chilean Andes. Kilauea, Hawaii's second-largest volcano, erupted from September 2021 until last December. The observatory said it "does not see any indication of activity migrating elsewhere on Kīlauea volcano and expects the eruption to remain confined to the summit region." ![]() The current eruption was confined to Kilauea caldera within the park. Crowds flocked to the Big Island's Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, which offered safe views of the lava. In June, Kilauea erupted for several weeks, displaying fountains of red lava without threatening any communities or structures.
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